Pars Oil Company: Lubrication Technology & Standards

General Information & Standards

The pars oil company handbook provides a quick, convenient guide to pars oil lubricants, to help you gain optimum benefit from use of its products.

Based on technical information and production technology, pars oil company is able to produce different kind of lubricants, oil and greases which apply in various industries like automobile, manufacturers, steel, wood and paper, cement, mines, road transport and construction, agricultural, oil and gas and petrochemical complex.

Technical support and sale's engineers are care about the products and provide services to the customers as below:

Support to choose the right lubricants for applications
Giving offer to replace the lubricants
Supply new product formulation based on customer's demand
Guide to gain optimum dispose of lubricants
Close set contact with consumers
Experimental services and explain the results
Training annual seminars presentation

Main duties of oil lubricants

Lubrication: control of friction and wear by introduction of a friction reducing film between moving surfaces in contact
Heat transfer: cool the moving parts and surfaces with heat transfer
Sealing: prevent of leakage between moving parts
Surface protection: lubrication film supply a surface protection
Shock absorber: reduce and eliminate the shocks from mechanical force on moving or fixed parts
Mass transfer: able to suspend and carry the particles from wear, fuel decomposition, oil, sulfur and dust, …
Power transfer and supply pressure: most important function in hydraulic oils

Additives:

1- Viscosity index improver (V.I.I.): lubricant additive, usually a high molecular weight polymer, reduces oil's tendency to change viscosity with change of temperature.
2- Detergents and dispersants: detergents are additives which reduce or prevent deposits formed under high temperature conditions or as a result of the action on the oil of acidic contaminants. Dispersants also disperse and suspend potential deposit –forming materials so that they can be removed from the system when the oil is drained.
3- Anti-oxidant: this additive increases the ability of a lubricant to resist oxidation and deterioration resulting from high temperatures and exposure to air. Studies showed the oxidation will occur with chain reaction which in turn increases the oil viscosity.
4- Anti-wear: Additive that is active in preventing damage cause by occurrence of solid phase welding between sliding surfaces without local surface melting.
5- Corrosion and rust inhibitor: corrosion inhibitor additive, which protects metal surfaces from chemical attack by water or another contaminants. When we have ferrous parts, this corrosion will be called rust.
6- Pour point depressant: it lowers the poor point of petroleum products containing wax by reducing the tendency of the wax to collect into a solid mass.
7- Anti - foam: this additive is used to suppress the foaming tendency of petroleum product and break down surface bubbles.
8- Extreme pressure agents: they are chemical compound imparting extreme pressure characteristics to a lubricant with the objective of reducing wear under conditions where rubbing or sliding accompanies high contact pressures, as in heavily loaded gears particularly of the hypoid type.

Oil Lubricants Characteristics

Appropriate viscosity
Resistance to oxidation and heat
Higher viscosity
Resistance to foaming
Protection against wear
Control chemical corrosion and rust
Compatible with all gaskets and seals

Definition for physical properties of oil lubricant

1- Viscosity: measure of the resistance to flow, or internal friction, of a fluid. Viscosity change with temperature so the temperature at which the measurement was made must always be specified. Usually it was measured at 40°c and 100°c.
2- Viscosity index (VI): it shows the relative magnitude of viscosity changes with temperature. Higher VI oils have fewer changes in viscosity with temperature.
3- Pour point (P.P): lower temperature at which a liquid petroleum product will flow when it cooled under the conditions of the standard test method.
4- Flash point (F.P): the lower temperature at which vapors rising from a sample will ignite momentarily on application of a flame under specified conditions.
5- Fire point: the lower temperature at which vapors rising from a sample will ignite and it will go on. Usually fire point is 15°c upper than flash point.
6- Density: the mass of liquid per unit of volume of a substance at 15°c.

Oil classifications

Oil classifications are grouped under the following main categories as bellow:

1- Engine oils classification
2- Automotive gear oils classification
3- Industrial oils classification

1- Engine oils classifications: in this category, they classified in two main groups, one is based on viscosity and the other one is based on performance levels.

Automotive lubricant viscosity grades (SAE viscosity classes)
Automotive lubricant based on performance levels:

1- API engine service classifications:

The American petroleum institute (API) engine oil classification system was set up as joint by API, ASTM and SAE. The letter classification system is a method of classifying engine oils according to their performance characteristics and related to their intended type of service.
The API engine oil classification system currently includes classes of service for service station ("s" service) and for commercial applications ("c" series).

2- IL SAC (International Lubricants Standardization of Approval Committee)

3- CCMC (Comite des Contructeursd' Automobiles Marche Commun) ft 's considerable that later this category change to ACEA (Association des Constructeurs Europeans Automobiles)

4- MIL-L: A wild range of U.S. Military (MIL-) specifications exist for the use of the U.S. department of defense and other government agencies. MIL-L (Military Lubricants ) includes a letter which indicates the specification application and a fixed number which shows type of lubricant.

5- Others: Automobile manufacturers, based on special experiments as well as field test, introduce some standard levels such as
VDS, VDS 2, VDS 3       Volvo Company
EOK, EOK 2       Mack
VW (50,000) VW (50,500)       Volks Wagon
MB

Equivalence table between different performance levels of engine oils

2- Automotive gear oil classification: Automotive gear oil classification is similar to engine oils. Aautomotive gear lubricant viscosity classifications:

MIL-L- 210 SE Gear Lubricant Classification
API Gear Lubricant Classification

3- Industrial Oil Classification

Industrial oils classification based on ISO viscosity grade.

The most important internationally accepted defining industrial oils classification is laid down by international standard organization (ISO).
In this classification, oil viscosity is measured in 40°c and will be reported as CST.
ISO viscosity grade for industrial lubricants
Industrial oils classifications based on DIN 51502
Industrials oils classifications based on their additives

Comparison of different kind of viscosity classifications for 95 VI oils

Greases

By definition, grease is a semi-solid lubricant made by thickeners, based fluids and additives. The essential function of both lubricants, oils and greases, is decrease friction and wear.

Lubricating Fluids:

less frequent applications are required
easier to handle
dripping are nearly eliminated by sealing characteristic of grease
more efficiently in high temperature and pressure
better surface adherence
simple designing of lubrication systems

Grease, because of its semi-fluid consistency is poorly equipped for dissipating heat and contaminations.

Glossary of Grease Terms:

1- Penetration of consistency: Consistency, expressed as the distance that a standard needle or cone penetrates vertically into a sample of the grease.
2- Dropping point: the temperature at which the first drop of liquid separates when grease is heated under prescribed conditions.
3- Texture: The texture of grease is observed when a small portion of it is pressed together and then slowly drawn apart.Ttexture can describe as: buttery, long fibers, short fibers, stringy, …
4- Color: The color of grease is related to the components, so (it can't show greases guilty) or (it could not be a sign of greases guilty)
5- Filler: Any substance such as talc, mica or various powders which may be added to greases, but isn’t considered as being primarily intended to enhance the lubricating properties of the grease.
6- Resistance to softening room temperature: The property of a grease which shows it's service life in ambient temperature.
7- Water resistance: The resistance of a lubricating grease to adverse effects to the addition of water to the lubricant system.
8- Pumpability: The flow characteristics of a grease that permit satisfactory delivery form lines, nozzles and fittings of grease dispensing systems and subsequent lubrication of moving components.
9- Incompatibility: When a mixture of two greases shows physical properties or service performance which is markedly inferior to those of either of the greases before mixing, they are incompatible. Performance or properties inferior to one of the products and superior to the other may not be due to incompatibility.

Grease Classifications

1- Classification based on thickeners: Thickeners are the solid particles that are uniformly dispersed to form the structure of lubricating grease in which the liquid lubricant is held.
2- classification based on NLGI grades: Greases are usually classified according to the system devised by the national lubricating grease Institute (NLGI) of the U.S.A according to this system the only criteria applied are the properties of hardness and softness in a range of 000 to 6.

NLGI Service Classification for Greases
A Guide to grease compatibility; Lubricants storage of handling guidelines

Ideally lubricants should be stored under cover at a reasonably constant, moderate temperature.
The lubricants store should be sited so as to provide good access for delivery vehicles.
It can provide properly equipped unloading dock with direct access to the oil store.
Easy distribution to the principal points of use.
Clean dust free conditions for unsealing and dispensing.
Some products such as insulating oils, refrigerator oils, white and medicinal oils, greases, neat cutting oils should never be stored in the open.
Drums should be stored horizontal, on their side, or sloping racks.
The lubricants store should be kept dry at all times to prevent the corrosion.
Mild steel tanks for electrical and refrigerator oils are generally lined with epoxy resin and their air rents protected with silica – gel breathers to remove moisture.
Drums must never be dropped when being unloaded or moved.
Avoid manual handling and use appropriate drum handling equipments.
Drums containing soft grease should be stood upright.
Grease guns should be filled cleanly and carefully, for grease, acts as an abrasive when mixed with dust or dirt.
Empty drums should not be used for road barrels or for supporting scaffold poels or trestles. It is especially important not to use barrels for brazing or welding trestles, or to cut them up with oxy-acetylene equipment, because of the risk of explosion.
When soluble oil is prepared for use, the oil must be added to the water in the recommended amount, with consistent stirring to form a stable emulsion.
Clean coolant must be used in clean sump.
Products with a flash point less than 55 °c should be stored in closed containers away from heat in a well ventilated place.
Oil stores must be equipped with co2, dry chemical or foam type extinguishers, and with sand filled fire buckets.
Staff should be well trained on selection and use of the correct types of extinguishers.
Staff should wear working overalls, impermeable aprons and gloves, etc to eliminate unnecessary contact with oil.
Used oils must always be disposal off carefully and thoughtfully through recognized channels so as to protect the environment.

Oil Analysis Services

Pars Oil Company provides quality control and analytical services for customers. Samples of lubricants are required for analysis. To obtain meaningful data, samples must be fully representative and free from external contamination. It is also important to ensure accurate and correct labeling.

Note: product properties and physical characteristics included in this website are derived as typical characteristics of latest products and shown for guidance only.